This suggests that perhaps the BAI cannot adequately differentiate between depression and anxiety in a primary care population. Īnother study indicates that, in primary care patients with different anxiety disorders including social phobia, panic disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia, or generalized anxiety disorder, the BAI seemed to measure the severity of depression. Though the BAI was developed to minimize its overlap with the depression scale as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, a correlation of r=.66 (p<.01) between the BAI and BDI-II was seen among psychiatric outpatients, suggesting that the BAI and the BDI-II equally discriminate between anxiety and depression. Though support exists for using the BAI with high-school students and psychiatric inpatient samples of ages 14 to 18 years, the recently developed diagnostic tool, Beck Youth Inventories, Second Edition, contains an anxiety inventory of 20 questions specifically designed for children and adolescents ages 7 to 18 years old. The BAI has been used in a variety of different patient groups, including adolescents. Ī 1999 review found that the BAI was the third most used research measure of anxiety, behind the STAI and the Fear Survey Schedule, which provides quantitative information about how clients react to possible sources of maladaptive emotional reactions. However, unlike the STAI, the BAIT was developed to minimize the overlap between anxiety and depression. The BAI can be described as a measure of "prolonged state anxiety", which, in a clinical setting, is an important assessment.Ī version of the BAI, the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), was developed in 2008 to assess trait anxiety rather than immediate or prolonged state anxiety, much like the STAI. Since the BAI only questions symptoms occurring over the last week, it is not a measure of trait anxiety or state anxiety. While several studies have shown that anxiety measures, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), are either highly correlated or indistinguishable from depression, the BAI is shown to be less contaminated by depressive content. The BAI was specifically designed as "an inventory for measuring clinical anxiety" that minimizes the overlap between depression and anxiety scales. On the other hand, the BAI won't function as adequately for disorders such as social phobia or obsessive-compulsive disorder, which have a stronger cognitive or behavioral component. Therefore, the BAI functions more adequately in anxiety disorders with a high somatic component, such as panic disorder. In 1993, Beck, Steer, and Beck used a three factor structure including subjective, somatic, and panic subscale scores to differentiate among a sample of clinically anxious outpatients īecause the somatic subscale is emphasized on the BAI, with 15 out of 21 items measuring physiological symptoms, perhaps the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of anxiety are being deemphasized. Since the introduction of the BAI, other factor structures have been implemented, including a four factor structure used by Beck and Steer with anxious outpatients that included neurophysiological, autonomic symptoms, subjective, and panic components of anxiety. The cognitive subscale provides a measure of fearful thoughts and impaired cognitive functioning, and the somatic subscale measures the symptoms of physiological arousal. included only two components in the BAI's original proposal: cognitive and somatic. Though anxiety can be thought of as having several components, including cognitive, somatic, affective, and behavioral components, Beck et al. As such, it is often paired with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, which provides a more accurate assessment of the cognitive components of anxiety (i.e., worry, catastrophizing, etc.) commonly seen in generalized anxiety disorder. The BAI has been criticized for its predominant focus on physical symptoms of anxiety (most akin to a panic response). Higher total scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms. The BAI contains 21 questions, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 (not at all) to 3 (severely). Several studies have found the Beck Anxiety Inventory to be an accurate measure of anxiety symptoms in children and adults. It is designed for individuals who are of 17 years of age or older and takes 5 to 10 minutes to complete. The questions used in this measure ask about common symptoms of anxiety that the subject has had during the past week (including the day you take it) (such as numbness and tingling, sweating not due to heat, and fear of the worst happening). Beck and other colleagues, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of anxiety in adolescents and adults ages 17 and older. The Beck Anxiety Inventory ( BAI), created by Aaron T.
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